The human eye is an amazing instrument but there are limitations to it. For instance, our eyes have only a 180-degree field of vision. The liberating thing about panoramic photography is its ability to bring a 360 degree scene into a single frame. While this is sometimes done, the predominant width of most panoramas is just slightly beyond the field of our vision.
Panoramas can either be captured with normal digital cameras (point-and-shoot or DSLRs), then stitching individual frames in a software such as Photoshop, Panavue or PTGui, or it can be captured by special panoramic cameras such as the Hasselblad XPan or the Fujifilm G617.
Of the 2, the cheaper method is to simply attach a digital camera to a tripod with a lockable pan-head, find level ground, and begin shooting frames. The number of frames to be taken depends on how wide you want your panorama to be. While shooting, it is extremely important to ensure that the frames are properly aligned. This can be done by aligning the horizon line (if there is one) or any horizontal straight line in the scene that runs parallel to the top/bottom of the frame. Some cameras, especially point-and-shoot compacts, have a panorama assist function’ that will help to minimize this difficulty. Also, keep the camera is in the manual’ mode. This is to ensure that the exposures of all the frames are constant by making sure that the aperture size and shutter speed are not automatically adjusted by the camera as you pan.
Once the shooting is done, stitch’ (aligning and cropping) the frames together in one of the stitch-assist software. Just follow the instructions and voila! You’ve got yourself a beautiful panorama.
The second, and more expensive, option involves buying a panoramic camera. The advantages of doing this is that you will never have to worry about ensuring constant exposure values in the various frames, as shooting one frame alone will net you a panorama. Furthermore, there is no need for post-processing other than minor adjustments. The only catch is that panoramic cameras are only available in the film format and that there require quite expensive film. This option is usually exercised only by professional photographers, due to the hefty price tags of panoramic cameras, but panorama enthusiasts may want to consider this option.
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